星期五, 6月 29, 2007
GOOGLE MAP STREET VIEW
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星期四, 6月 28, 2007
Lost 'Good Earth' manuscript recovered
赛珍珠 - Wikipedia
NEWS - 賽珍珠'大地'的原始打字稿出現了
據報導手稿被人在1966年被人'拿'走
最近出現在費城的拍賣品中
我真是孤陋寡聞不知看到
Pearl S. Buck = 賽珍珠
'大地'= "The Good Earth
她還得嘞諾貝爾文學獎!
NEWS - 賽珍珠'大地'的原始打字稿出現了
據報導手稿被人在1966年被人'拿'走
最近出現在費城的拍賣品中
我真是孤陋寡聞不知看到
Pearl S. Buck = 賽珍珠
'大地'= "The Good Earth
她還得嘞諾貝爾文學獎!
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Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hype
Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hype
Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hype - USATODAY.com: "Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hyp"
iPhone reviews: Not perfect, but worthy of the hype
Posted by Dan Farber @ 2:53 pm
http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=5515&tag=nl.e539
Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hype - USATODAY.com: "Apple's iPhone isn't perfect, but it's worthy of the hyp"
iPhone reviews: Not perfect, but worthy of the hype
Posted by Dan Farber @ 2:53 pm
http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=5515&tag=nl.e539
星期三, 6月 27, 2007
美國的工程師制度
After a Century of Engineering Licensure,
NCEES Continues to Fulfill a Vision of Leadership
The water we drink, the buildings we work in, the roads we navigate—the work of professional engineers touches all of society. Our health, safety, and welfare depend on the soundness of these infrastructures and the competence of the men and women behind them. Licensure ensures that the engineers who offer services to the public meet the high standards of the profession.
This year marks the 100th anniversary of engineering licensure in the United States. The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is celebrating this milestone by recognizing the successes of licensure’s past and preparing for its future.
For NCEES President Louis Raimondi, P.E., L.S, the celebration provides an ideal platform for NCEES to broaden its outreach to the general public, who may know little about what professional engineers, or P.E.’s, do but benefit from their commitment to excellence. “The 100th anniversary of licensure is an opportunity to raise awareness about the value of licensure,” says Raimondi. “Licensure requires engineers and surveyors to prove themselves and holds them accountable. A licensed professional’s signature and seal symbolize reliability and integrity. They verify that the person is qualified and dedicated to public health and safety.”
When Clarence T. Johnston accepted the position of Wyoming State Engineer over a century ago, he found individuals working as engineers who lacked the training to competently carry out their duties. Johnston addressed the problem by preparing a bill to mandate registration and to create a board of examiners. In 1907, the Wyoming legislature turned that bill into law, creating the first U.S. engineering licensure law. Other states soon followed. A little over a decade later, the licensure boards created the organization now known as NCEES to help them more uniformly carry out their duties as they regulate the engineering and surveying professions. Today, this nonprofit organization is a pivotal element in ensuring that the nation’s enormous infrastructure and vast complex of technologies run safely and efficiently.
NCEES develops and scores the only national examinations used by all U.S. licensure boards in their licensing process. The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam establishes a basic level of knowledge that allows successful candidates to become engineering interns. The Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam is open to those who have passed the fundamentals exam and have completed the required professional experience. Through these standardized exams, NCEES ensures that only qualified individuals become licensed.
Many of the Council’s other services, such as the Records Program, are designed to help facilitate geographical mobility for the nation’s 435,000 licensed engineers. NCEES constantly expands and develops services for its member boards and, in turn, the public that puts its trust in those boards.
As it celebrates 100 years of licensure in 2007, NCEES, with a staff of 65 and headquartered in Clemson, South Carolina, remains focused on finding new ways to fulfill its vision of providing leadership in licensure. It is reaching out to the next generation of engineers through several initiatives. NCEES recently launched a campaign targeted at the undergraduate engineering community to raise awareness about the opportunities licensure will bring to their careers. The central message—Finish it!—encourages students to begin the licensure process by taking the FE exam. The Council also created the Engineering Speaker’s Kit to help engineers who talk to students about the profession and licensure, and its speakers’ bureau recruits licensed professionals to speak at university campuses.
NCEES is reaching out to younger students as well. Since 2004, it has worked with the National Engineers Week Future City Competition, a nationwide engineering education program involving more than 30,000 middle school students, and is now a major sponsor of Design Squad, a new reality TV series that aims to introduce 9- to 13-year-olds and their families to the engineering design process. The program debuts nationwide on PBS in February during Engineers Week 2007.Celebrating 100 Years of Licensure - NCEES
NCEES Continues to Fulfill a Vision of Leadership
The water we drink, the buildings we work in, the roads we navigate—the work of professional engineers touches all of society. Our health, safety, and welfare depend on the soundness of these infrastructures and the competence of the men and women behind them. Licensure ensures that the engineers who offer services to the public meet the high standards of the profession.
This year marks the 100th anniversary of engineering licensure in the United States. The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is celebrating this milestone by recognizing the successes of licensure’s past and preparing for its future.
For NCEES President Louis Raimondi, P.E., L.S, the celebration provides an ideal platform for NCEES to broaden its outreach to the general public, who may know little about what professional engineers, or P.E.’s, do but benefit from their commitment to excellence. “The 100th anniversary of licensure is an opportunity to raise awareness about the value of licensure,” says Raimondi. “Licensure requires engineers and surveyors to prove themselves and holds them accountable. A licensed professional’s signature and seal symbolize reliability and integrity. They verify that the person is qualified and dedicated to public health and safety.”
When Clarence T. Johnston accepted the position of Wyoming State Engineer over a century ago, he found individuals working as engineers who lacked the training to competently carry out their duties. Johnston addressed the problem by preparing a bill to mandate registration and to create a board of examiners. In 1907, the Wyoming legislature turned that bill into law, creating the first U.S. engineering licensure law. Other states soon followed. A little over a decade later, the licensure boards created the organization now known as NCEES to help them more uniformly carry out their duties as they regulate the engineering and surveying professions. Today, this nonprofit organization is a pivotal element in ensuring that the nation’s enormous infrastructure and vast complex of technologies run safely and efficiently.
NCEES develops and scores the only national examinations used by all U.S. licensure boards in their licensing process. The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam establishes a basic level of knowledge that allows successful candidates to become engineering interns. The Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam is open to those who have passed the fundamentals exam and have completed the required professional experience. Through these standardized exams, NCEES ensures that only qualified individuals become licensed.
Many of the Council’s other services, such as the Records Program, are designed to help facilitate geographical mobility for the nation’s 435,000 licensed engineers. NCEES constantly expands and develops services for its member boards and, in turn, the public that puts its trust in those boards.
As it celebrates 100 years of licensure in 2007, NCEES, with a staff of 65 and headquartered in Clemson, South Carolina, remains focused on finding new ways to fulfill its vision of providing leadership in licensure. It is reaching out to the next generation of engineers through several initiatives. NCEES recently launched a campaign targeted at the undergraduate engineering community to raise awareness about the opportunities licensure will bring to their careers. The central message—Finish it!—encourages students to begin the licensure process by taking the FE exam. The Council also created the Engineering Speaker’s Kit to help engineers who talk to students about the profession and licensure, and its speakers’ bureau recruits licensed professionals to speak at university campuses.
NCEES is reaching out to younger students as well. Since 2004, it has worked with the National Engineers Week Future City Competition, a nationwide engineering education program involving more than 30,000 middle school students, and is now a major sponsor of Design Squad, a new reality TV series that aims to introduce 9- to 13-year-olds and their families to the engineering design process. The program debuts nationwide on PBS in February during Engineers Week 2007.Celebrating 100 Years of Licensure - NCEES
星期三, 6月 20, 2007
聰明吃保健食品
聰明吃保健食品
聰明吃保健食品台灣人喜歡吃保健食品，一年消費可蓋半棟101大樓，但最新研究卻發現，保健食品過量有害健康。怎麼吃才安心？
康健雜誌103期（2007/06）
文．林貞岑 攝影．陳德信
一位三、四歲的小女孩因厭食、體重減輕求診。
小女孩雙眼無神，不斷抓癢、肌肉緊繃無力，檢查結果發現輕微血尿，腎臟有0.7公分的結石，是鈣片吃太多造成高鈣血症。
原來小女孩的母親擔心她長不高，半年前開始，每天給她吃五、六顆兒童鈣片（每顆300毫克），小女孩一天吞近肚裡的鈣質高達1800毫克，是孩童建議量的三倍之多。
「幸好及早發現，再晚一點就會影響到生長和智能發育，」林口長庚醫院兒童胃腸肝膽科主任趙舜卿說。
現代人崇尚養生健康，保健食品（包括維生素、礦物質、營養補充劑、草藥及健康食品）幾乎已經成為每日必需品，根據衛生署統計，國內有超過半數以上的人在吃維生素。
現代人愛用保健食品，以為來自天然很安全，於是混用及過量使用。
吃兒茶素、蜂膠導致尿毒升高；老人家喝牛奶加鈣片造成鈣中毒，這些都是很常見的案例。「以毒物學來說，維生素就是藥物，」林口長庚醫院毒物科主任林杰樑認為，民眾應該要慎用保健食品。
近十多年，已有不少大型研究指出，維生素和補充品過量有損健康。
從治病到可能致命
譬如刊登在《美國醫學會期刊》，針對9500例心血管疾病和糖尿病人長達七年的研究發現，每天吃維生素E達400IU的人，心衰竭機率增加13％。
丹麥研究也發現，對於已經罹患心臟病、癌症或是部份健康的人，每天補充β-胡蘿蔔素、維生素A、E，不但無法預防心血管疾病和抗癌，還可能會提高死亡風險。
保健食品的研究結果矛盾衝突不斷，一下可以治病，一下又會致命，身為消費者，倒底該怎麼辦？哪些保健食品比較安全，怎麼吃最安心？
分析多年來的研究報告，維生素A、β-胡蘿蔔素惡名昭彰，對身體造成的危害高居所有維生素榜首，林杰樑認為應該立即停用。
維生素A屬於脂溶性，容易沉積體內造成肝臟毒性。每天服用5萬單位的維生素A，就會造成骨頭痠痛和肝臟病變。
在香港，有位媽媽為了要小孩「吃魚肝油補眼睛」，每天讓孩子吞十多顆魚肝油，導致小孩發育受影響，甚至出現肝硬化。
「（吃魚肝油補眼睛）這個說法是錯誤的，」林杰樑指出，國人飲食中並不缺乏維生素A及β-胡蘿蔔素，這些營養素在木瓜和地瓜中含量豐富，不需要額外補充。
此外，抗氧化劑和免疫類保健食品也要小心使用。
抗氧化物可以清除身體自由基，達到預防疾病效果。但新近研究發現，如果吞服抗氧化物過量，反而會加速身體氧化反應，讓自由基增加。
且抗氧化物過多時會清除掉一氧化氮，造成血管無法擴張導致心臟病。
且多數抗氧化物如茄紅素、花青素、葡萄籽、芸香素等，並沒有每日建議量，「因為這些並非身體所需，」台北醫學大學保健營養系主任黃士懿說，每日建議量的意義是「維持生理運作最少量」，如果沒有規範，表示身體沒有需求，也不需特別補充，多吃蔬果就可以攝取到足夠的抗氧化物。
過度提升免疫力，可能導致反效果
免疫類保健食品也不宜亂吃。對於常見「××可以增強某個免疫細胞功能」的訴求，中華民國癌症醫學會理事長謝瑞坤特別提出澄清說，免疫系統在人體內如同蹺蹺板，是整體平衡作用的，「不是單加強哪一部份，就表示免疫力增強了，」他說。
尤其有些免疫食品需要控制劑量，譬如研究發現低劑量（一天25克）的黃耆提升免疫力，但過量反會促進癌細胞生長，和信醫院藥師姜紹青提到。
有些人長期服用中藥來增強免疫力，譬如把黃耆、枸杞泡茶當水喝，也要小心。
不需要每天大量吃某一個中藥材，「會有過量的危險。」長庚醫院中醫內科部主任楊賢鴻解釋，一來每人體質不同，同樣的配方不見得對每個人都有效；二來長期服用中藥，也可能會有重金屬累積及藥物過量危險。
過度提升免疫力，反而會使細胞分不清敵我，轉而攻擊自己的細胞，造成發炎反應或紅斑性狼瘡等自體免疫疾病。
一位營養師的母親，因肺癌末期全身水腫無法下床，她吃了靈芝後水腫立刻消失，「跟書上寫得一樣神奇，媽媽還很高興下床走動，」營養師回憶說，到了第五天，母親呼吸變喘，原來是嚴重的心包膜積水，開刀後才解決問題。
如果你有自體免疫問題，最好不要使用免疫調節類的保健食品。
至於一般人不需要天天補充，「偶爾身體虛弱時再吃，」實踐大學食品營養與保健生技學系主任黃惠宇建議。
維生素B、C、綜合維生素、魚油較安全
維生素中較安全的是，維生素B、C、綜合維生素和魚油。
前兩者為水溶性維生素，不會累積在體內造成傷害；綜合維生素和魚油，目前為止對身體造成危害的研究報告不多。但仍要注意，不要超過每日建議使用量。
事實上，專家學者都同意，一般人不需特別補充維生素，營養素最好的來源是天然食物。但如果消費者把保健食品當成維持生命的要素，不吃覺得不放心，專家並不反對適量補充。
四守則，安心使用保健食品
守則1：有需要再吃
維生素不必天天補充，有需要再吃。
身體對營養素的吸收並非照單全收，有時吃得少，反而會強迫細胞吸收得更好。
每隔兩、三天吃一次，不但減少過量危險，也可以補足身體對營養素的需求。
特殊情況如壓力大、學測考試或經常加班熬夜時，可適量補充維生素。
身兼教學與行政工作，每當黃惠宇教授發現自己被工作壓得喘不過氣，就會吞顆維生素B群補充體力。
此外，如慢性病人也可適量補充維生素B群。
因為慢性病如同處於高壓力狀態中，很容易消耗維生素B群，林杰樑醫師提醒。
其他像咀嚼、食物攝取有問題的銀髮族，也可適量補充綜合維生素，輔大營養系副教授曾明淑建議。
但孕婦和幼童，最好不要隨便補充維生素。因為任何外來物質都會影響到胚胎發育，譬如綜合維生素中含維生素A，過量會造成畸胎，因此在懷孕過程中，最好不要服用維生素和補充品。
至於該不該吃葉酸預防寶寶神經管缺陷？建議可先和醫師及藥師討論後再使用。
在美國，政府嚴格把關四歲以下孩童不能任意使用維生素，須由醫生評估使用。
因為寶寶長高長壯需要蛋白質、脂肪和多種營養素，「光吃維生素是不夠的，」趙舜卿醫師說。
且學齡前是養成孩子良好飲食習慣的黃金期，應該要讓孩子愛上天然食物的美味，而不是給他維生素藥丸應付了事。
守則2：注意藥物交互作用
維生素和保健食品經常與西藥發生交互作用，建議心、肝、腎有問題的人，使用前最好先跟醫療人員討論。
常見藥物交互作用如魚油、大蒜、銀杏和阿斯匹靈併用會產生出血危險。
此外，減肥藥羅氏纖會影響身體吸收脂溶性維生素，因此建議吃藥後3～4小時，再補充一顆維生素。
纖維類的保健食品如車前草等，會減少止痛藥普拿疼藥效，因此最好先服用西藥，等兩小時藥物吸收完畢後再服用保健食品比較安全。
如果已經在服用某種保健食品和西藥，建議兩者都不要隨便停掉，以免影響藥物療效。
台北醫學大學藥學系講師王莉萱就發現，不少慢性病人情況控制不好，原來是保健食品一天吃一天不吃，影響藥物濃度。
建議慢性病人使用保健食品最好先跟醫師、藥師討論，並隨時觀察自己是否有異常症狀。譬如，發癢表示可能是藥物過敏。
如果心血管病人發現早上刷牙會流血，或身上有瘀青，表示有出血現象，最好回醫院診治。
保肝類保健食品，如菇類等，會啟動身體解藥基因，讓藥物失效，因此最好與西藥間隔3～4小時再用，黃惠宇教授提醒。
守則3：不要超過每日建議量
細胞不是鐵打的，保健食品濃度過高也會出問題。
即使安全性高的水溶性維生素B和C，也可能因為排尿少造成累積過量，如維生素B6太多會產生周邊神經病變，維生素C太多，則會出現腎結石及頭痛，「吃維生素時記得要多補充水分，」林杰樑提醒。
且無論是天然或合成，吃過量都會對身體造成毒性和增加代謝負擔。
有人把一天吃三次的維骨力改成一天吃五、六次，結果造成胃痛、低血糖。
維生素及礦物質攝取，最好在每日建議範圍之內。且選擇綜合維生素會比單單一補充劑安全。
目前衛生署的規定是維生素含量可以是建議量的1.5倍，若加上日常飲食，其實已經很足夠。
如何辨識所吃維生素是否過量？可以看營養標示中的每日營養素建議攝取量（RDA），美國為USRDA，標示為100％表示完全符合。
如果是100％×66，表示為建議量的66倍之多，劑量太高會有危險，不建議選用，高雄醫學大學營養部主任黃孟娟說。
此外，要小心mega為開頭的維生素加強錠或是高單位維生素。
專家警告，這類維生素劑量太高，很容易影響藥物或治療，甚或造成肝臟代謝負擔，且一旦停用，身體反而會產生缺乏症症狀，最好不要輕易嘗試，藥師王麗萱提醒。
守則4：選擇小包裝最好
吃營養品也要分散風險，至少每兩個月更換不同品牌，不但增加身體利用率，也可避免產生抗藥性，黃士懿教授提到。
此外，因為用量不多，選擇小包裝較較新鮮。
選擇天然、多元化的食物種類
維生素和保健食品，過度簡化了營養成分，天然食物有多種成分相輔相成，是萃取單一成分的保健食品無法取代的。「一碗青菜的營養素，是綜合維生素沒法給的，」林杰樑說，以毒物學角度來看，未經純化的天然食物最安全。
新近的研究也發現，食物種類愈多樣對身體愈好。美國伊利諾大學研究證實，番茄和芥蘭可以延緩前列腺癌發生，但兩者合吃效果更好。且食物中富含多種植物性化學物，如酚（茶、丁香）、異黃酮（大豆）、兒茶素、薑黃素（薑黃）、白蔾蘆醇（葡萄、花生）、植酸（豆類）等，可抑制腫瘤血管新生，有效控制癌症。
「這麼多的營養素，如果光靠藥丸去補充是吞不完的，」馬偕醫院營養課課長趙強肯定地說。
而且，萃取的藥丸濃度太高，可能會強化血管新生抑制作用，影響血液供給到其他器官如心臟及腦，造成缺氧問題。
來自天然的蔬果濃度雖低但很安全，只要飲食均衡及多樣化，一樣可以達到相同效果。
然而，很多人質疑，這麼多種營養素，一天怎麼可能都攝取到？
輔仁大學營養系副教授曾明淑認為不需擔心，營養素交給營養專家去煩惱，一般人只要看看自己每天六大類食物（五榖根莖類 3～6碗；奶類 1～2杯；蛋、豆、魚、肉類 4份 ；蔬菜類 3碟；水果類 2個；油脂類 2～3湯匙）是不是攝取足夠就好。
有些小技巧，幫助你吃得更健康。
先吃菜再吃肉 現代人蛋白質攝取過量，可以試著整飲食順序，青菜、五穀根莖類先吃，最後再吃肉類或蛋白質，且最好選擇優質蛋白質，如魚等。
吃素的人可由奶、蛋或五穀、黃豆類來補充，黃士懿教授說。
外食儘量不挑油炸品，多點份青菜，把水果當成午晚餐點心。
曾明淑教授喜歡把蘋果擺在辦公室裡，蘋果不須冷藏，耐放又有淡淡香氣，隨時拿起啃一口，無論視覺、嗅覺和味覺都得到很好的滿足。
多帶便當 自己做便當可以掌控食物來源與烹調，吃得安心健康。
平日工作繁忙，曾明淑會利用週末假日上市場，並準備一桌好菜，豐盛的菜餚正好可以分裝成2～3個便當。
林杰樑醫師也讓孩子從小帶便當，他的孩子不吃漢堡、薯條，全家一起到速食店，也只點健康的優格。
養成健康的飲食習慣，才是給孩子最大的財富。
完整內容請見康健雜誌103期138頁
聰明吃保健食品台灣人喜歡吃保健食品，一年消費可蓋半棟101大樓，但最新研究卻發現，保健食品過量有害健康。怎麼吃才安心？
康健雜誌103期（2007/06）
文．林貞岑 攝影．陳德信
一位三、四歲的小女孩因厭食、體重減輕求診。
小女孩雙眼無神，不斷抓癢、肌肉緊繃無力，檢查結果發現輕微血尿，腎臟有0.7公分的結石，是鈣片吃太多造成高鈣血症。
原來小女孩的母親擔心她長不高，半年前開始，每天給她吃五、六顆兒童鈣片（每顆300毫克），小女孩一天吞近肚裡的鈣質高達1800毫克，是孩童建議量的三倍之多。
「幸好及早發現，再晚一點就會影響到生長和智能發育，」林口長庚醫院兒童胃腸肝膽科主任趙舜卿說。
現代人崇尚養生健康，保健食品（包括維生素、礦物質、營養補充劑、草藥及健康食品）幾乎已經成為每日必需品，根據衛生署統計，國內有超過半數以上的人在吃維生素。
現代人愛用保健食品，以為來自天然很安全，於是混用及過量使用。
吃兒茶素、蜂膠導致尿毒升高；老人家喝牛奶加鈣片造成鈣中毒，這些都是很常見的案例。「以毒物學來說，維生素就是藥物，」林口長庚醫院毒物科主任林杰樑認為，民眾應該要慎用保健食品。
近十多年，已有不少大型研究指出，維生素和補充品過量有損健康。
從治病到可能致命
譬如刊登在《美國醫學會期刊》，針對9500例心血管疾病和糖尿病人長達七年的研究發現，每天吃維生素E達400IU的人，心衰竭機率增加13％。
丹麥研究也發現，對於已經罹患心臟病、癌症或是部份健康的人，每天補充β-胡蘿蔔素、維生素A、E，不但無法預防心血管疾病和抗癌，還可能會提高死亡風險。
保健食品的研究結果矛盾衝突不斷，一下可以治病，一下又會致命，身為消費者，倒底該怎麼辦？哪些保健食品比較安全，怎麼吃最安心？
分析多年來的研究報告，維生素A、β-胡蘿蔔素惡名昭彰，對身體造成的危害高居所有維生素榜首，林杰樑認為應該立即停用。
維生素A屬於脂溶性，容易沉積體內造成肝臟毒性。每天服用5萬單位的維生素A，就會造成骨頭痠痛和肝臟病變。
在香港，有位媽媽為了要小孩「吃魚肝油補眼睛」，每天讓孩子吞十多顆魚肝油，導致小孩發育受影響，甚至出現肝硬化。
「（吃魚肝油補眼睛）這個說法是錯誤的，」林杰樑指出，國人飲食中並不缺乏維生素A及β-胡蘿蔔素，這些營養素在木瓜和地瓜中含量豐富，不需要額外補充。
此外，抗氧化劑和免疫類保健食品也要小心使用。
抗氧化物可以清除身體自由基，達到預防疾病效果。但新近研究發現，如果吞服抗氧化物過量，反而會加速身體氧化反應，讓自由基增加。
且抗氧化物過多時會清除掉一氧化氮，造成血管無法擴張導致心臟病。
且多數抗氧化物如茄紅素、花青素、葡萄籽、芸香素等，並沒有每日建議量，「因為這些並非身體所需，」台北醫學大學保健營養系主任黃士懿說，每日建議量的意義是「維持生理運作最少量」，如果沒有規範，表示身體沒有需求，也不需特別補充，多吃蔬果就可以攝取到足夠的抗氧化物。
過度提升免疫力，可能導致反效果
免疫類保健食品也不宜亂吃。對於常見「××可以增強某個免疫細胞功能」的訴求，中華民國癌症醫學會理事長謝瑞坤特別提出澄清說，免疫系統在人體內如同蹺蹺板，是整體平衡作用的，「不是單加強哪一部份，就表示免疫力增強了，」他說。
尤其有些免疫食品需要控制劑量，譬如研究發現低劑量（一天25克）的黃耆提升免疫力，但過量反會促進癌細胞生長，和信醫院藥師姜紹青提到。
有些人長期服用中藥來增強免疫力，譬如把黃耆、枸杞泡茶當水喝，也要小心。
不需要每天大量吃某一個中藥材，「會有過量的危險。」長庚醫院中醫內科部主任楊賢鴻解釋，一來每人體質不同，同樣的配方不見得對每個人都有效；二來長期服用中藥，也可能會有重金屬累積及藥物過量危險。
過度提升免疫力，反而會使細胞分不清敵我，轉而攻擊自己的細胞，造成發炎反應或紅斑性狼瘡等自體免疫疾病。
一位營養師的母親，因肺癌末期全身水腫無法下床，她吃了靈芝後水腫立刻消失，「跟書上寫得一樣神奇，媽媽還很高興下床走動，」營養師回憶說，到了第五天，母親呼吸變喘，原來是嚴重的心包膜積水，開刀後才解決問題。
如果你有自體免疫問題，最好不要使用免疫調節類的保健食品。
至於一般人不需要天天補充，「偶爾身體虛弱時再吃，」實踐大學食品營養與保健生技學系主任黃惠宇建議。
維生素B、C、綜合維生素、魚油較安全
維生素中較安全的是，維生素B、C、綜合維生素和魚油。
前兩者為水溶性維生素，不會累積在體內造成傷害；綜合維生素和魚油，目前為止對身體造成危害的研究報告不多。但仍要注意，不要超過每日建議使用量。
事實上，專家學者都同意，一般人不需特別補充維生素，營養素最好的來源是天然食物。但如果消費者把保健食品當成維持生命的要素，不吃覺得不放心，專家並不反對適量補充。
四守則，安心使用保健食品
守則1：有需要再吃
維生素不必天天補充，有需要再吃。
身體對營養素的吸收並非照單全收，有時吃得少，反而會強迫細胞吸收得更好。
每隔兩、三天吃一次，不但減少過量危險，也可以補足身體對營養素的需求。
特殊情況如壓力大、學測考試或經常加班熬夜時，可適量補充維生素。
身兼教學與行政工作，每當黃惠宇教授發現自己被工作壓得喘不過氣，就會吞顆維生素B群補充體力。
此外，如慢性病人也可適量補充維生素B群。
因為慢性病如同處於高壓力狀態中，很容易消耗維生素B群，林杰樑醫師提醒。
其他像咀嚼、食物攝取有問題的銀髮族，也可適量補充綜合維生素，輔大營養系副教授曾明淑建議。
但孕婦和幼童，最好不要隨便補充維生素。因為任何外來物質都會影響到胚胎發育，譬如綜合維生素中含維生素A，過量會造成畸胎，因此在懷孕過程中，最好不要服用維生素和補充品。
至於該不該吃葉酸預防寶寶神經管缺陷？建議可先和醫師及藥師討論後再使用。
在美國，政府嚴格把關四歲以下孩童不能任意使用維生素，須由醫生評估使用。
因為寶寶長高長壯需要蛋白質、脂肪和多種營養素，「光吃維生素是不夠的，」趙舜卿醫師說。
且學齡前是養成孩子良好飲食習慣的黃金期，應該要讓孩子愛上天然食物的美味，而不是給他維生素藥丸應付了事。
守則2：注意藥物交互作用
維生素和保健食品經常與西藥發生交互作用，建議心、肝、腎有問題的人，使用前最好先跟醫療人員討論。
常見藥物交互作用如魚油、大蒜、銀杏和阿斯匹靈併用會產生出血危險。
此外，減肥藥羅氏纖會影響身體吸收脂溶性維生素，因此建議吃藥後3～4小時，再補充一顆維生素。
纖維類的保健食品如車前草等，會減少止痛藥普拿疼藥效，因此最好先服用西藥，等兩小時藥物吸收完畢後再服用保健食品比較安全。
如果已經在服用某種保健食品和西藥，建議兩者都不要隨便停掉，以免影響藥物療效。
台北醫學大學藥學系講師王莉萱就發現，不少慢性病人情況控制不好，原來是保健食品一天吃一天不吃，影響藥物濃度。
建議慢性病人使用保健食品最好先跟醫師、藥師討論，並隨時觀察自己是否有異常症狀。譬如，發癢表示可能是藥物過敏。
如果心血管病人發現早上刷牙會流血，或身上有瘀青，表示有出血現象，最好回醫院診治。
保肝類保健食品，如菇類等，會啟動身體解藥基因，讓藥物失效，因此最好與西藥間隔3～4小時再用，黃惠宇教授提醒。
守則3：不要超過每日建議量
細胞不是鐵打的，保健食品濃度過高也會出問題。
即使安全性高的水溶性維生素B和C，也可能因為排尿少造成累積過量，如維生素B6太多會產生周邊神經病變，維生素C太多，則會出現腎結石及頭痛，「吃維生素時記得要多補充水分，」林杰樑提醒。
且無論是天然或合成，吃過量都會對身體造成毒性和增加代謝負擔。
有人把一天吃三次的維骨力改成一天吃五、六次，結果造成胃痛、低血糖。
維生素及礦物質攝取，最好在每日建議範圍之內。且選擇綜合維生素會比單單一補充劑安全。
目前衛生署的規定是維生素含量可以是建議量的1.5倍，若加上日常飲食，其實已經很足夠。
如何辨識所吃維生素是否過量？可以看營養標示中的每日營養素建議攝取量（RDA），美國為USRDA，標示為100％表示完全符合。
如果是100％×66，表示為建議量的66倍之多，劑量太高會有危險，不建議選用，高雄醫學大學營養部主任黃孟娟說。
此外，要小心mega為開頭的維生素加強錠或是高單位維生素。
專家警告，這類維生素劑量太高，很容易影響藥物或治療，甚或造成肝臟代謝負擔，且一旦停用，身體反而會產生缺乏症症狀，最好不要輕易嘗試，藥師王麗萱提醒。
守則4：選擇小包裝最好
吃營養品也要分散風險，至少每兩個月更換不同品牌，不但增加身體利用率，也可避免產生抗藥性，黃士懿教授提到。
此外，因為用量不多，選擇小包裝較較新鮮。
選擇天然、多元化的食物種類
維生素和保健食品，過度簡化了營養成分，天然食物有多種成分相輔相成，是萃取單一成分的保健食品無法取代的。「一碗青菜的營養素，是綜合維生素沒法給的，」林杰樑說，以毒物學角度來看，未經純化的天然食物最安全。
新近的研究也發現，食物種類愈多樣對身體愈好。美國伊利諾大學研究證實，番茄和芥蘭可以延緩前列腺癌發生，但兩者合吃效果更好。且食物中富含多種植物性化學物，如酚（茶、丁香）、異黃酮（大豆）、兒茶素、薑黃素（薑黃）、白蔾蘆醇（葡萄、花生）、植酸（豆類）等，可抑制腫瘤血管新生，有效控制癌症。
「這麼多的營養素，如果光靠藥丸去補充是吞不完的，」馬偕醫院營養課課長趙強肯定地說。
而且，萃取的藥丸濃度太高，可能會強化血管新生抑制作用，影響血液供給到其他器官如心臟及腦，造成缺氧問題。
來自天然的蔬果濃度雖低但很安全，只要飲食均衡及多樣化，一樣可以達到相同效果。
然而，很多人質疑，這麼多種營養素，一天怎麼可能都攝取到？
輔仁大學營養系副教授曾明淑認為不需擔心，營養素交給營養專家去煩惱，一般人只要看看自己每天六大類食物（五榖根莖類 3～6碗；奶類 1～2杯；蛋、豆、魚、肉類 4份 ；蔬菜類 3碟；水果類 2個；油脂類 2～3湯匙）是不是攝取足夠就好。
有些小技巧，幫助你吃得更健康。
先吃菜再吃肉 現代人蛋白質攝取過量，可以試著整飲食順序，青菜、五穀根莖類先吃，最後再吃肉類或蛋白質，且最好選擇優質蛋白質，如魚等。
吃素的人可由奶、蛋或五穀、黃豆類來補充，黃士懿教授說。
外食儘量不挑油炸品，多點份青菜，把水果當成午晚餐點心。
曾明淑教授喜歡把蘋果擺在辦公室裡，蘋果不須冷藏，耐放又有淡淡香氣，隨時拿起啃一口，無論視覺、嗅覺和味覺都得到很好的滿足。
多帶便當 自己做便當可以掌控食物來源與烹調，吃得安心健康。
平日工作繁忙，曾明淑會利用週末假日上市場，並準備一桌好菜，豐盛的菜餚正好可以分裝成2～3個便當。
林杰樑醫師也讓孩子從小帶便當，他的孩子不吃漢堡、薯條，全家一起到速食店，也只點健康的優格。
養成健康的飲食習慣，才是給孩子最大的財富。
完整內容請見康健雜誌103期138頁
星期二, 6月 12, 2007
RUMOR HAS IT
I didn't come here to tell you that I can't live without you. I can live without you. I just don't want to. --RUMOR HAS IT....
星期五, 5月 25, 2007
windows xp 登入後又自動馬上登出
windows xp 登入後又自動馬上登出
我可以確定是userinit.exe /windows logon 的ｒｅｇｉｓｔｒｙ機碼
你可以google "login log out loop"
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/892893
解決方法如下﹔
Click Start, Run and type REGEDIT. Navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ WindowsNT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon
In the right-pane, change the value of Userinit to "C:\WINDOWS\system32\userinit.exe,"
Type the above value exactly as given, including the comma - exclude the quotes. Also, change the path to userinit.exe appropriately if Windows is installed in a different drive.
但我的情況是無法ｌｏｇｉｎ去用ｒｅｇｅｄｉｔ３２．ｅｘｅ所以要用
比較嘛煩的方法
用bartＰＥ作依各bootcd來修復userinit.exe 機碼
參考http://windowsxp.mvps.org/peboot.htm
參考資料 http://www.winxptutor.com/wsaremove.htm
* 107-05-25 08:37:40 補充
BART PE 開機後
RUN REGEDIT.EXE AND FOLLOW THEＩＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮ
www.windowsxp.mvps.org/peboot.gtm
ＬＯＡＤ ＨＩＶＥ IN C:\WINDOW\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE
AND FIND USERINIT UNDER ..\MICROSOFT\WINDOS_NT\CURRENTVERSION\WINLOGON , MAKE SURE THE CORRECT DIRECTORY OF ＵＳＥＲＩＮＩＴ．ＥＸＥ
我可以確定是userinit.exe /windows logon 的ｒｅｇｉｓｔｒｙ機碼
你可以google "login log out loop"
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/892893
解決方法如下﹔
Click Start, Run and type REGEDIT. Navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ WindowsNT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon
In the right-pane, change the value of Userinit to "C:\WINDOWS\system32\userinit.exe,"
Type the above value exactly as given, including the comma - exclude the quotes. Also, change the path to userinit.exe appropriately if Windows is installed in a different drive.
但我的情況是無法ｌｏｇｉｎ去用ｒｅｇｅｄｉｔ３２．ｅｘｅ所以要用
比較嘛煩的方法
用bartＰＥ作依各bootcd來修復userinit.exe 機碼
參考http://windowsxp.mvps.org/peboot.htm
參考資料 http://www.winxptutor.com/wsaremove.htm
* 107-05-25 08:37:40 補充
BART PE 開機後
RUN REGEDIT.EXE AND FOLLOW THEＩＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮ
www.windowsxp.mvps.org/peboot.gtm
ＬＯＡＤ ＨＩＶＥ IN C:\WINDOW\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE
AND FIND USERINIT UNDER ..\MICROSOFT\WINDOS_NT\CURRENTVERSION\WINLOGON , MAKE SURE THE CORRECT DIRECTORY OF ＵＳＥＲＩＮＩＴ．ＥＸＥ
星期三, 5月 16, 2007
星期六, 5月 12, 2007
RANK IN MILITARY
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9B%E8%A1%94&variant=zh-tw
| 北約代號 | 美國陸軍 | 北約代號 | 美國陸軍 | |||
| OR-9 | 陸軍高級軍士長 | OF-10 | 五星上將 | |||
| 軍士指揮官 | OF-9 | 上將 | ||||
| 軍士長 | | | ||||
| OR-8 | 一級軍士長 | OF-8 | 中將 | |||
| 二級軍士長 | OF-7 | 少將 | ||||
| OR-7 | 三級軍士長 | OF-6 | 准將 | | ||
| OR-6 | 上士 | OF-5 | 上校 | |||
| OR-5 | 中士 | OF-4 | 中校 | |||
| OF-3 | 少校 | |||||
| OR-4 | 下士 | OF-2 | 上尉 | |||
| | | | ||||
| OR-3 | 一等兵 | OF-1 | 中尉 | |||
| | | | ||||
| OR-2 | 二等兵 | | 少尉 | |||
| OR-1 | | OF(D) | | | ||
| | | | Student Officer | 軍校生 | |
TALKING SALARY WITHOUT MENTION BENEFIT.
Recruits Say Joining Police Force Is a Test of Wills and Wallets
星期四, 5月 10, 2007
LIVE MAP VS GOOGLE EARTH
http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&cp=qp9vmd8qqc1k&style=o&lvl=1&tilt=-90&dir=0&alt=-1000&scene=4040443&encType=1
星期五, 5月 04, 2007
Zarephath, New Jersey
I drove by Zarephath when attending HIC seminar during a lunch break to Costco and got lost on the way back. the name reminids me the 撒勒法. Today I got the chance to WIKI it. Cool, there did happened something.
Zarephath is an unincorporated area of Franklin Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is home to the Pillar of Fire Church and houses their bible school. It is named after Zarephath, the place in the bible where the "widow woman" sustained the prophet Elijah. Zarephath is a group of buildings located between the Delaware and Raritan Canal and the Millstone River.
Zarephath is an unincorporated area of Franklin Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is home to the Pillar of Fire Church and houses their bible school. It is named after Zarephath, the place in the bible where the "widow woman" sustained the prophet Elijah. Zarephath is a group of buildings located between the Delaware and Raritan Canal and the Millstone River.
星期六, 4月 28, 2007
WIKI IS COOL
Toyota Sienna
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Toyota Sienta.
This article does not cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time. This article has been tagged since March 2007.
This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality.
Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page.
Toyota Sienna
2nd-gen Toyota Sienna LE
Manufacturer Toyota
Production 1998–present
Predecessor Toyota Previa
Class Minivan
Related Toyota Camry Solara
Lexus ES/Toyota Windom
Lexus RX
Toyota Highlander
Toyota Avalon
Similar Chevrolet Uplander
Honda Odyssey
Nissan Quest
First generation
2001-2003 Toyota Sienna
Production 1998–2003
Assembly Georgetown, Kentucky
Body style(s) 3-door minivan
4-door minivan
Layout FF layout
Engine(s) 3.0L 210 hp V6
Transmission(s) 4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 114.2 in
Length 194.2 in
Width 73.4 in
Height 67.3 in
Second generation
2006 Toyota Sienna XLE Limited
Production 2004– Present
Assembly Princeton, Indiana
Body style(s) 4-door minivan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive/Four-wheel drive
Engine(s) 3.3L DOHC 24-valve VVT-i V6 3.5 liter DOHC 24-valve Dual VVT-i V6
Transmission(s) 5-speed automatic
Wheelbase 119.3 in
Length 200 in
Width 77.4 in
Height 68.9 in
Pre-facelift 1st-gen Toyota Sienna
Pre-facelift 1st-gen Toyota Sienna
The Toyota Sienna is a minivan built in the United States for the North American market, and shares its platform and engine with the Toyota Camry. It replaced the Previa in 1998 as a more conventional front wheel drive van, and was updated for 2004 with a larger model.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 First generation (1998-2003)
* 2 Second generation (2004-present)
* 3 Awards
* 4 Models
* 5 2007 specifications
* 6 Extra features (2nd generation)
* 7 Future
* 8 In the media
* 9 External links
[edit] First generation (1998-2003)
In late 1997, Toyota replaced its unconventional mid-engined Toyota Previa minivan with the larger front wheel drive 1998 Toyota Sienna in the North American market (the Previa design is still available to the rest of the world as the Toyota Estima). The Toyota Sienna had a 3.0 L V6 engine rated at 145 kW and 284 Nm of torque. Built on an extended Toyota Camry platform, the Sienna was marketed as the "Camry of minivans".
Fuel economy was 18 mpg city and 24 mpg highway. It was built in Georgetown, Kentucky. In 2001, the Sienna got a very minor makeover, changing the rear tail lights to the newer trend of only showing red and white, and adding a VVT-i equipped engine, with 210 horsepower.
[edit] Second generation (2004-present)
In January 2003, the second generation Sienna was shown at the Detroit Auto Show. Production shifted to Princeton, Indiana, and the Georgetown plant was retooled to build the second generation Camry Solara. The new Sienna had a 3.3 L engine from the Camry. The new Sienna offered features such as a fold-flat 60/40 third-row seat, eight passenger seating, backup sensors, rear view camera, kid view mirror, available all wheel drive, a navigation system, and a more luxurious XLE Limited model. Fuel economy is 19 mpg city and 26 mpg highway.
In July 2005, changes for the 2006 model year were announced. The front fascia, side molding, and rear taillights were redesigned. The measurements for horsepower and torque were changed to the SAE's new specifications (to 215 hp and 222 ft·lbf.). Optitron gauges were added to LE, XLE, and Limited trims. The "XLE" prefix in "XLE Limited" was cut off. Power driver's seat memory option was also added to XLE and Limited trims. Bluetooth capability and power-folding third row seats were also added as options. Side and curtain air bags were changed to standard for all models. The optional rear seat audio system has been discontinued. For 2007, new wheel designs, as well as a new standard 3.5 liter V6 putting out 266 hp became available. Full list of changes are available at SiennaClub.org[1].
[edit] Awards
2004:
* Car and Driver's Five Best Trucks Van Award
* Edmunds Editor's Most Wanted Van and Edmund Consumer's Most Wanted Van
* Rated "Double Best Pick" by IIHS PDF
[edit] Models
The 2006 Toyota Sienna is available in:
* CE ($23,775 USD MSRP)
* LE ($25,280 USD MSRP)
* LE AWD ($28,895 USD MSRP)
* XLE ($29,725 USD MSRP)
* XLE AWD ($32,930 USD MSRP)
* Limited ($36,180 USD MSRP)
* Limited AWD ($38,380 USD MSRP)
(Prices are for 7-passenger models only).
[edit] 2007 specifications
* Engine: 3.5 L DOHC 24-valve dual VVT-i V6 - 2GR-FE
* Output: 266 hp (200 kW) at 6200 RPM and 248 ft·lbf (336 N·m) at 4700 RPM (SAE Net)
* Transmission: 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission
* Drivetrain: Front wheel drive, all wheel drive available on LE, XLE, XLE Limited (CE in Canada)
* Turning Diameter: 36.8 ft (11.2 m)
* Brakes: Power-assisted ventilated front disc, rear drum with anti-lock braking system (ABS), with 4-wheel disc brakes on XLE Limited, all wheel drive models or with available Vehicle Stability Control system and Brake Assist
[edit] Extra features (2nd generation)
* If the gas filler door is open, the sliding door on that side will not open all the way. This feature prevents the slider from hitting the gas door.
* If the window on a sliding door is open, the door is prevented from opening fully. This prevents a possible pinch situation if an occupant has an arm out the window, etc.
* All trim levels and package options are capable of daytime running lamps (DRL). With the installation of an ordinary USD $0.25 fuse, vehicles can enable the DRL feature.
* The rear wiper will not pull out and remain out the way unless you remove the plastic cap covering the drive end of the pivot arm. A long running standard feature of Japanese vehicles, it allowed for easy washing and drying of the window. However, the feature is present on the front wipers where no poking hazard exists.
* The Navigation display doubles as an entertainment display, if the parking brake is engaged and the vehicle is not in motion. It can view the same video programs as the rear entertainment display.
[edit] Future
The Sienna will be redesigned for the 2010 model year. There have also been rumors of a Hybrid Synergy Drive version.
[edit] In the media
* A yellow Toyota Sienna taxi is featured in the game show Cash Cab.
* A blue 2005 Toyota Sienna is the family minivan in the movie "The Pacifier".
* You can also steal a 2004/2005 Toyota Sienna in True Crime: New York City
[edit] External links
* Toyota USA Sienna site
* YahooAutos-2006 Toyota Sienna
* AutomobileMagazine-2005 Toyota Sienna (review)
* Toyota Canada Sienna site (English)
* Toyota Canada Sienna site (French)
* SiennaClub.org
[hide] v • d • e Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s-present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Compact SUV RAV4 RAV4 RAV4
FJ Cruiser
Crossover SUV Highlander Highlander
Mid-size SUV 4Runner 4Runner 4Runner 4Runner
Full-size SUV Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser
Sequoia Sequoia
Minivan Toyota Van Previa Sienna Sienna
Pickup Toyota Pickup Toyota Pickup Toyota Pickup Tacoma Tacoma
T100 Tundra Tundra
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Sienna"
Categories: Articles lacking sources from March 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Articles which may be biased | Toyota vehicles | Minivans | Front wheel drive vehicles | All wheel drive vehicles | 1990s automobiles | 2000s automobiles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Toyota Sienta.
This article does not cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time. This article has been tagged since March 2007.
This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality.
Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page.
Toyota Sienna
2nd-gen Toyota Sienna LE
Manufacturer Toyota
Production 1998–present
Predecessor Toyota Previa
Class Minivan
Related Toyota Camry Solara
Lexus ES/Toyota Windom
Lexus RX
Toyota Highlander
Toyota Avalon
Similar Chevrolet Uplander
Honda Odyssey
Nissan Quest
First generation
2001-2003 Toyota Sienna
Production 1998–2003
Assembly Georgetown, Kentucky
Body style(s) 3-door minivan
4-door minivan
Layout FF layout
Engine(s) 3.0L 210 hp V6
Transmission(s) 4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 114.2 in
Length 194.2 in
Width 73.4 in
Height 67.3 in
Second generation
2006 Toyota Sienna XLE Limited
Production 2004– Present
Assembly Princeton, Indiana
Body style(s) 4-door minivan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive/Four-wheel drive
Engine(s) 3.3L DOHC 24-valve VVT-i V6 3.5 liter DOHC 24-valve Dual VVT-i V6
Transmission(s) 5-speed automatic
Wheelbase 119.3 in
Length 200 in
Width 77.4 in
Height 68.9 in
Pre-facelift 1st-gen Toyota Sienna
Pre-facelift 1st-gen Toyota Sienna
The Toyota Sienna is a minivan built in the United States for the North American market, and shares its platform and engine with the Toyota Camry. It replaced the Previa in 1998 as a more conventional front wheel drive van, and was updated for 2004 with a larger model.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 First generation (1998-2003)
* 2 Second generation (2004-present)
* 3 Awards
* 4 Models
* 5 2007 specifications
* 6 Extra features (2nd generation)
* 7 Future
* 8 In the media
* 9 External links
[edit] First generation (1998-2003)
In late 1997, Toyota replaced its unconventional mid-engined Toyota Previa minivan with the larger front wheel drive 1998 Toyota Sienna in the North American market (the Previa design is still available to the rest of the world as the Toyota Estima). The Toyota Sienna had a 3.0 L V6 engine rated at 145 kW and 284 Nm of torque. Built on an extended Toyota Camry platform, the Sienna was marketed as the "Camry of minivans".
Fuel economy was 18 mpg city and 24 mpg highway. It was built in Georgetown, Kentucky. In 2001, the Sienna got a very minor makeover, changing the rear tail lights to the newer trend of only showing red and white, and adding a VVT-i equipped engine, with 210 horsepower.
[edit] Second generation (2004-present)
In January 2003, the second generation Sienna was shown at the Detroit Auto Show. Production shifted to Princeton, Indiana, and the Georgetown plant was retooled to build the second generation Camry Solara. The new Sienna had a 3.3 L engine from the Camry. The new Sienna offered features such as a fold-flat 60/40 third-row seat, eight passenger seating, backup sensors, rear view camera, kid view mirror, available all wheel drive, a navigation system, and a more luxurious XLE Limited model. Fuel economy is 19 mpg city and 26 mpg highway.
In July 2005, changes for the 2006 model year were announced. The front fascia, side molding, and rear taillights were redesigned. The measurements for horsepower and torque were changed to the SAE's new specifications (to 215 hp and 222 ft·lbf.). Optitron gauges were added to LE, XLE, and Limited trims. The "XLE" prefix in "XLE Limited" was cut off. Power driver's seat memory option was also added to XLE and Limited trims. Bluetooth capability and power-folding third row seats were also added as options. Side and curtain air bags were changed to standard for all models. The optional rear seat audio system has been discontinued. For 2007, new wheel designs, as well as a new standard 3.5 liter V6 putting out 266 hp became available. Full list of changes are available at SiennaClub.org[1].
[edit] Awards
2004:
* Car and Driver's Five Best Trucks Van Award
* Edmunds Editor's Most Wanted Van and Edmund Consumer's Most Wanted Van
* Rated "Double Best Pick" by IIHS PDF
[edit] Models
The 2006 Toyota Sienna is available in:
* CE ($23,775 USD MSRP)
* LE ($25,280 USD MSRP)
* LE AWD ($28,895 USD MSRP)
* XLE ($29,725 USD MSRP)
* XLE AWD ($32,930 USD MSRP)
* Limited ($36,180 USD MSRP)
* Limited AWD ($38,380 USD MSRP)
(Prices are for 7-passenger models only).
[edit] 2007 specifications
* Engine: 3.5 L DOHC 24-valve dual VVT-i V6 - 2GR-FE
* Output: 266 hp (200 kW) at 6200 RPM and 248 ft·lbf (336 N·m) at 4700 RPM (SAE Net)
* Transmission: 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission
* Drivetrain: Front wheel drive, all wheel drive available on LE, XLE, XLE Limited (CE in Canada)
* Turning Diameter: 36.8 ft (11.2 m)
* Brakes: Power-assisted ventilated front disc, rear drum with anti-lock braking system (ABS), with 4-wheel disc brakes on XLE Limited, all wheel drive models or with available Vehicle Stability Control system and Brake Assist
[edit] Extra features (2nd generation)
* If the gas filler door is open, the sliding door on that side will not open all the way. This feature prevents the slider from hitting the gas door.
* If the window on a sliding door is open, the door is prevented from opening fully. This prevents a possible pinch situation if an occupant has an arm out the window, etc.
* All trim levels and package options are capable of daytime running lamps (DRL). With the installation of an ordinary USD $0.25 fuse, vehicles can enable the DRL feature.
* The rear wiper will not pull out and remain out the way unless you remove the plastic cap covering the drive end of the pivot arm. A long running standard feature of Japanese vehicles, it allowed for easy washing and drying of the window. However, the feature is present on the front wipers where no poking hazard exists.
* The Navigation display doubles as an entertainment display, if the parking brake is engaged and the vehicle is not in motion. It can view the same video programs as the rear entertainment display.
[edit] Future
The Sienna will be redesigned for the 2010 model year. There have also been rumors of a Hybrid Synergy Drive version.
[edit] In the media
* A yellow Toyota Sienna taxi is featured in the game show Cash Cab.
* A blue 2005 Toyota Sienna is the family minivan in the movie "The Pacifier".
* You can also steal a 2004/2005 Toyota Sienna in True Crime: New York City
[edit] External links
* Toyota USA Sienna site
* YahooAutos-2006 Toyota Sienna
* AutomobileMagazine-2005 Toyota Sienna (review)
* Toyota Canada Sienna site (English)
* Toyota Canada Sienna site (French)
* SiennaClub.org
[hide] v • d • e Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s-present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Compact SUV RAV4 RAV4 RAV4
FJ Cruiser
Crossover SUV Highlander Highlander
Mid-size SUV 4Runner 4Runner 4Runner 4Runner
Full-size SUV Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser
Sequoia Sequoia
Minivan Toyota Van Previa Sienna Sienna
Pickup Toyota Pickup Toyota Pickup Toyota Pickup Tacoma Tacoma
T100 Tundra Tundra
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Sienna"
Categories: Articles lacking sources from March 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Articles which may be biased | Toyota vehicles | Minivans | Front wheel drive vehicles | All wheel drive vehicles | 1990s automobiles | 2000s automobiles
星期五, 4月 27, 2007
Jacobs Engineering Set to Acquire Edwards and Kelcey
Jacobs Signs Letter of Intent to Acquire Edwards and Kelcey
Thursday March 22, 8:00 am ET
PASADENA, Calif., March 22 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. (NYSE: JEC - News) announced today that they signed a letter of intent to acquire Edwards and Kelcey, a 1,000-person firm headquartered in Morristown, N.J.
ADVERTISEMENT
Founded in 1946, Edwards and Kelcey is a nationally recognized engineering, design, planning, and construction management firm serving public and private clients in the fields of transportation, planning/environmental, communications technology, buildings/facilities, and land development. The company has 25 regional offices and is ranked 71st among the Top 500 U.S. Design Firms by Engineering News-Record (ENR).
In making the announcement, Edwards and Kelcey CEO Kevin McMahon stated, "We are excited about the prospect of joining Jacobs and believe that this offers many benefits to our staff and clients. Our combined engineering and construction services practice will be more comprehensive with a broader geographic presence and access to more services, specialists, and experts for current Edwards and Kelcey and Jacobs clients. There is little duplication of markets, clients, or geographies. Our combined leadership teams are complementary and are excited about the opportunity to join forces to provide more comprehensive services to our existing clients."
Jacobs Group Vice President Allyn Taylor added, "The addition of Edwards and Kelcey is very strategic for us. Their firm significantly increases the size of our transportation practice; enhances our service offering in transportation, particularly in specialized areas such as toll roads, bridges, airports, traffic, and major transit systems; and adds critical mass to our U.S. operations in other infrastructure areas such as urban development and telecommunications."
Jacobs, with over 45,000 employees and revenues approaching $8.0 billion, provides technical, professional, and construction services globally.
Any statements made in this release that are not based on historical fact are forward-looking statements. Although such statements are based on management's current estimates and expectations, and currently available competitive, financial, and economic data, forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain. We, therefore, caution the reader that there are a variety of factors that could cause business conditions and results to differ materially from what is contained in our forward-looking statements. For a description of some of the factors which may occur that could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements please refer to our 2006 Form 10-K, and in particular the discussions contained under Items 1 - Business, Item 1A - Risk Factors, 3 - Legal Proceedings, and 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We also caution the readers of this release that we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements made herein.
For additional information contact:
John W. Prosser
626.578.6803
(Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20051021/LAJACOBSEGLOGO )
Thursday March 22, 8:00 am ET
PASADENA, Calif., March 22 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. (NYSE: JEC - News) announced today that they signed a letter of intent to acquire Edwards and Kelcey, a 1,000-person firm headquartered in Morristown, N.J.
ADVERTISEMENT
Founded in 1946, Edwards and Kelcey is a nationally recognized engineering, design, planning, and construction management firm serving public and private clients in the fields of transportation, planning/environmental, communications technology, buildings/facilities, and land development. The company has 25 regional offices and is ranked 71st among the Top 500 U.S. Design Firms by Engineering News-Record (ENR).
In making the announcement, Edwards and Kelcey CEO Kevin McMahon stated, "We are excited about the prospect of joining Jacobs and believe that this offers many benefits to our staff and clients. Our combined engineering and construction services practice will be more comprehensive with a broader geographic presence and access to more services, specialists, and experts for current Edwards and Kelcey and Jacobs clients. There is little duplication of markets, clients, or geographies. Our combined leadership teams are complementary and are excited about the opportunity to join forces to provide more comprehensive services to our existing clients."
Jacobs Group Vice President Allyn Taylor added, "The addition of Edwards and Kelcey is very strategic for us. Their firm significantly increases the size of our transportation practice; enhances our service offering in transportation, particularly in specialized areas such as toll roads, bridges, airports, traffic, and major transit systems; and adds critical mass to our U.S. operations in other infrastructure areas such as urban development and telecommunications."
Jacobs, with over 45,000 employees and revenues approaching $8.0 billion, provides technical, professional, and construction services globally.
Any statements made in this release that are not based on historical fact are forward-looking statements. Although such statements are based on management's current estimates and expectations, and currently available competitive, financial, and economic data, forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain. We, therefore, caution the reader that there are a variety of factors that could cause business conditions and results to differ materially from what is contained in our forward-looking statements. For a description of some of the factors which may occur that could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements please refer to our 2006 Form 10-K, and in particular the discussions contained under Items 1 - Business, Item 1A - Risk Factors, 3 - Legal Proceedings, and 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We also caution the readers of this release that we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements made herein.
For additional information contact:
John W. Prosser
626.578.6803
(Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20051021/LAJACOBSEGLOGO )
星期四, 4月 26, 2007
星期四, 4月 19, 2007
Chick flick
Chick flick - 專演給女生看的電影
The term chick flick is slang for a movie that appeals mainly to women or young girls, either by design or popular consensus. The term is relatively new – dating back to that bumper crop of women's movies in the 1980s and 90s that included classics like Beaches and Pretty Woman. The concept of movies designed to appeal specifically to women has existed since the early days of cinema and has been known by other colloquial terms, including "women's pictures". However, women's films such as Brief Encounter, Gone with the Wind and many classic 50s melodramas such as Now Voyager and several directed by Douglas Sirk, it might be argued, are sufficiently different in tone and content to be seen as a sub-genre of women's film.
Film critic and chick Molly Haskell suggested that chick flicks are very different from the women's films of the 40s and 50s in that they now "sing a different tune". She feels that they are "more defiant and upbeat, post-modern and post-feminist".
One key element of chick flicks is a respectable female lead struggling with a romantic predicament. Another prevalent theme centers on the close relationships among female friends. Due to the focus on romance or relationships, chick flicks are typically categorized as romances or romantic comedies.
Several chick flicks have been patterned after the story of Cinderella or other fairy tales (e.g. The Princess Diaries, A Cinderella Story, Ever After, Pretty Woman and Roman Holiday), or even Shakespeare in the cases of "She's the Man" and "10 Things I Hate About You"; a large number are adapted from popular novels (e.g. The Devil Wears Prada) and literary classics (e.g. Little Women).
Other examples include: Terms of Endearment and Steel Magnolias.
The term chick flick is slang for a movie that appeals mainly to women or young girls, either by design or popular consensus. The term is relatively new – dating back to that bumper crop of women's movies in the 1980s and 90s that included classics like Beaches and Pretty Woman. The concept of movies designed to appeal specifically to women has existed since the early days of cinema and has been known by other colloquial terms, including "women's pictures". However, women's films such as Brief Encounter, Gone with the Wind and many classic 50s melodramas such as Now Voyager and several directed by Douglas Sirk, it might be argued, are sufficiently different in tone and content to be seen as a sub-genre of women's film.
Film critic and chick Molly Haskell suggested that chick flicks are very different from the women's films of the 40s and 50s in that they now "sing a different tune". She feels that they are "more defiant and upbeat, post-modern and post-feminist".
One key element of chick flicks is a respectable female lead struggling with a romantic predicament. Another prevalent theme centers on the close relationships among female friends. Due to the focus on romance or relationships, chick flicks are typically categorized as romances or romantic comedies.
Several chick flicks have been patterned after the story of Cinderella or other fairy tales (e.g. The Princess Diaries, A Cinderella Story, Ever After, Pretty Woman and Roman Holiday), or even Shakespeare in the cases of "She's the Man" and "10 Things I Hate About You"; a large number are adapted from popular novels (e.g. The Devil Wears Prada) and literary classics (e.g. Little Women).
Other examples include: Terms of Endearment and Steel Magnolias.
i carry your heart with me
i carry your heart with me
(i carry it in my heart)
i am never without it
(anywhere i go you go,my dear;
and whatever is done by only me
is your doing,my darling)
i fear no fate
(for you are my fate,my sweet)
i want no world
(for beautiful you are my world,my true)
and it's you are whatever a moon has always meant
and whatever a sun will always sing is you
here is the deepest secret nobody knows
(here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud
and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;
which grows higher than the soul can hope or mind can hide)
and this is the wonder that's keeping the stars apart
i carry your heart(i carry it in my heart)
EE Cummings
(i carry it in my heart)
i am never without it
(anywhere i go you go,my dear;
and whatever is done by only me
is your doing,my darling)
i fear no fate
(for you are my fate,my sweet)
i want no world
(for beautiful you are my world,my true)
and it's you are whatever a moon has always meant
and whatever a sun will always sing is you
here is the deepest secret nobody knows
(here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud
and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;
which grows higher than the soul can hope or mind can hide)
and this is the wonder that's keeping the stars apart
i carry your heart(i carry it in my heart)
EE Cummings
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